Lusopasso · Learning

Questions and explanations

Read learning questions with their answers, explanations and sources.

What role did the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) play in the political change of 1974?

  1. AIt led the military action that ended Estado NovoCorrect answer
  2. BIt defended the continuation of Estado Novo
  3. CIt replaced the government while preserving Estado Novo
  4. DIt led a military action to restore the monarchy

Explanation

MFA led the military coup that ended Estado Novo. The regime’s end opened a democratisation process, rather than completing every change in one day.

Sources and citations

  1. Estado democrático

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Opening paragraph; Assembleia Constituinte de 1975–1976; elections in 1976

    Official fact

On which date did the 1976 Constitution enter into force after approval on 2 April?

  1. A5 October 1910
  2. B25 April 1976Correct answer
  3. C2 April 1976
  4. D25 April 1975

Explanation

The Constitution was approved on 2 April and entered into force on 25 April 1976. Approval and entry into force are different moments.

Sources and citations

  1. Estado democrático

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Opening paragraph; Assembleia Constituinte de 1975–1976; elections in 1976

    Official fact

  2. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 11.º, n.os 1 e 2; preâmbulo; Artigo 296.º

    Official fact

In which year were the first elections held for the Assembly of the Republic created by the 1976 Constitution?

  1. A1975
  2. B1986
  3. C1976Correct answer
  4. D1974

Explanation

The legislative elections took place on 25 April 1976. The 1975 elections had selected the Constituent Assembly to draw up the Constitution.

Sources and citations

  1. Estado democrático

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Opening paragraph; Assembleia Constituinte de 1975–1976; elections in 1976

    Official fact

In which year was Portugal’s EEC accession treaty signed, before membership began in 1986?

  1. A1986
  2. B1974
  3. C1999
  4. D1985Correct answer

Explanation

The treaty was signed on 12 June 1985 at Jerónimos Monastery. Signature preceded membership, which began on 1 January 1986.

Sources and citations

  1. Portugal e Espanha, 1986–2006: 20 anos de integração na Europa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    PDF pages 9–10: 1985, 12 de Junho; A assinatura; 1986, 1 de Janeiro. Page 12: 1993, 1 de Novembro

    Official fact

In which year did Portugal adopt the euro, before notes and coins circulated in 2002?

  1. A1999Correct answer
  2. B1986
  3. C2002
  4. D1976

Explanation

Portugal adopted the euro on 1 January 1999. For three years it existed as book money; notes and coins arrived in 2002.

Sources and citations

  1. Portugal and the euro

    Other sourceDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Status; Adoption of the euro; Fixed conversion rate

    Official fact

Which Portuguese currency did the euro replace?

  1. APound sterling
  2. BEscudoCorrect answer
  3. CPeseta
  4. DFranc

Explanation

The euro replaced the Portuguese escudo. The source distinguishes adoption in 1999 from the introduction of physical cash in 2002.

Sources and citations

  1. Portugal and the euro

    Other sourceDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Status; Adoption of the euro; Fixed conversion rate

    Official fact

Which principle bars privileges based on religion or economic situation?

  1. AFreedom to choose a profession
  2. BLocal authority autonomy
  3. CEquality before the lawCorrect answer
  4. DSeparation of powers

Explanation

Article 13 protects equal dignity and prohibits discrimination on these grounds.

Sources and citations

  1. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 13.º, n.os 1–2

    Official fact

How does Article 15 address foreigners’ rights in Portugal?

  1. AGeneral equality, with exceptions and conditional extensionsCorrect answer
  2. BEquality in all political rights without conditions
  3. COnly social rights, excluding personal freedoms
  4. DOnly labour rights, excluding social rights

Explanation

The general rule covers rights and duties; political rights have exceptions and possible extensions under law and reciprocity.

Sources and citations

  1. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 15.º, n.os 1–5

    Official fact

Which constitutional limit applies to laws restricting rights, freedoms and guarantees?

  1. AApplying retroactively to strengthen enforcement
  2. BTargeting a named individual
  3. CRelying only on administrative convenience
  4. DPreserving the right’s essential contentCorrect answer

Explanation

Article 18 requires constitutionally permitted, necessary, general and abstract restrictions, without retroactivity or reduction of essential content.

Sources and citations

  1. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 18.º, n.os 1–3

    Official fact

Which right cannot be affected by a declaration of a state of emergency?

  1. ARight of assembly
  2. BRight to lifeCorrect answer
  3. CFreedom of movement
  4. DRight to strike

Explanation

Article 19(6) includes life among rights the declaration cannot affect. Other rights are not automatically suspended.

Sources and citations

  1. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 19.º, n.os 1–2, 5–7

    Official fact

Under the Constitution, can lack of money justify denying access to justice?

  1. AYes, if the other party has a lawyer
  2. BNo, justice cannot be denied on that groundCorrect answer
  3. CYes, if the case involves a private entity
  4. DYes, if the case has no public interest

Explanation

Article 20 guarantees access to law and courts without denial for lack of means. Forms of support depend on legislation.

Sources and citations

  1. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 20.º, n.os 1–4

    Official fact

Which instrument does the Ombudsman use to prevent or remedy injustice?

  1. ACriminal convictions
  2. BDecree-laws issued in their own name
  3. CBinding annulment of administrative decisions
  4. DRecommendations to competent bodiesCorrect answer

Explanation

Article 23 defines an independent body that examines complaints without decision-making power and makes recommendations, not judgments.

Sources and citations

  1. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 23.º, n.os 1–3

    Official fact