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Who was the first President of the Portuguese Republic, elected in 1911?

  1. ABernardino Machado
  2. BAntónio José de Almeida
  3. CSidónio Pais
  4. DManuel de ArriagaCorrect answer

Explanation

The Constituent National Assembly elected Manuel de Arriaga in 1911 after approving the Constitution. The Republic had been proclaimed earlier, in 1910.

Sources and citations

  1. 1.ª República

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Opening chronology; Assembleia Nacional Constituinte de 1911; footnote 1

    Official fact

In which year was the first Constitution of the Portuguese Republic approved?

  1. A1911Correct answer
  2. B1822
  3. C1933
  4. D1976

Explanation

The first republican Constitution was approved on 21 August 1911. Portugal’s first Constitution, still under the monarchy, dated from 1822.

Sources and citations

  1. 1.ª República

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Opening chronology; Assembleia Nacional Constituinte de 1911; footnote 1

    Official fact

Which doctor voted in 1911 as a widow and head of household after obtaining a favourable court ruling?

  1. AMaria Lamas
  2. BCarolina Beatriz ÂngeloCorrect answer
  3. CMaria II
  4. DAdelaide Cabete

Explanation

Carolina Beatriz Ângelo secured the right to vote in this particular case. This does not mean all women had voting rights at that time.

Sources and citations

  1. 1.ª República

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Opening chronology; Assembleia Nacional Constituinte de 1911; footnote 1

    Official fact

Which event ended the First Republic in 1926?

  1. AThe signing of the Treaty of Zamora
  2. BThe introduction of euro cash
  3. CThe military coup of 28 MayCorrect answer
  4. DThe 25 April Revolution

Explanation

The coup of 28 May 1926 dissolved Parliament and established a military dictatorship. Estado Novo’s constitutional framework followed in 1933.

Sources and citations

  1. 1.ª República

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Opening chronology; Assembleia Nacional Constituinte de 1911; footnote 1

    Official fact

  2. Dias da ditadura — Assembleia da República

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Opening paragraphs — 1926 coup and 1933 Constitution

    Official fact

Which year is associated with the Constitution that framed Estado Novo?

  1. A1911
  2. B1926
  3. C1976
  4. D1933Correct answer

Explanation

The 1933 Constitution framed Estado Novo. It was submitted to a plebiscite under dictatorial conditions, including counting abstentions as votes in favour.

Sources and citations

  1. Dias da ditadura — Assembleia da República

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Opening paragraphs — 1926 coup and 1933 Constitution

    Official fact

What role did the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) play in the political change of 1974?

  1. AIt led the military action that ended Estado NovoCorrect answer
  2. BIt defended the continuation of Estado Novo
  3. CIt replaced the government while preserving Estado Novo
  4. DIt led a military action to restore the monarchy

Explanation

MFA led the military coup that ended Estado Novo. The regime’s end opened a democratisation process, rather than completing every change in one day.

Sources and citations

  1. Estado democrático

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Opening paragraph; Assembleia Constituinte de 1975–1976; elections in 1976

    Official fact

On which date did the 1976 Constitution enter into force after approval on 2 April?

  1. A5 October 1910
  2. B25 April 1976Correct answer
  3. C2 April 1976
  4. D25 April 1975

Explanation

The Constitution was approved on 2 April and entered into force on 25 April 1976. Approval and entry into force are different moments.

Sources and citations

  1. Estado democrático

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Opening paragraph; Assembleia Constituinte de 1975–1976; elections in 1976

    Official fact

  2. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 11.º, n.os 1 e 2; preâmbulo; Artigo 296.º

    Official fact

In which year were the first elections held for the Assembly of the Republic created by the 1976 Constitution?

  1. A1975
  2. B1986
  3. C1976Correct answer
  4. D1974

Explanation

The legislative elections took place on 25 April 1976. The 1975 elections had selected the Constituent Assembly to draw up the Constitution.

Sources and citations

  1. Estado democrático

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Opening paragraph; Assembleia Constituinte de 1975–1976; elections in 1976

    Official fact

In which year was Portugal’s EEC accession treaty signed, before membership began in 1986?

  1. A1986
  2. B1974
  3. C1999
  4. D1985Correct answer

Explanation

The treaty was signed on 12 June 1985 at Jerónimos Monastery. Signature preceded membership, which began on 1 January 1986.

Sources and citations

  1. Portugal e Espanha, 1986–2006: 20 anos de integração na Europa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    PDF pages 9–10: 1985, 12 de Junho; A assinatura; 1986, 1 de Janeiro. Page 12: 1993, 1 de Novembro

    Official fact

In which year did Portugal adopt the euro, before notes and coins circulated in 2002?

  1. A1999Correct answer
  2. B1986
  3. C2002
  4. D1976

Explanation

Portugal adopted the euro on 1 January 1999. For three years it existed as book money; notes and coins arrived in 2002.

Sources and citations

  1. Portugal and the euro

    Other sourceDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Status; Adoption of the euro; Fixed conversion rate

    Official fact

Which Portuguese currency did the euro replace?

  1. APound sterling
  2. BEscudoCorrect answer
  3. CPeseta
  4. DFranc

Explanation

The euro replaced the Portuguese escudo. The source distinguishes adoption in 1999 from the introduction of physical cash in 2002.

Sources and citations

  1. Portugal and the euro

    Other sourceDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Status; Adoption of the euro; Fixed conversion rate

    Official fact