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Questions and explanations

Read learning questions with their answers, explanations and sources.

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If no presidential candidate wins more than half of valid votes, what happens?

  1. AA runoff between the top two who maintain their candidaciesCorrect answer
  2. BThe leading candidate is elected without a runoff
  3. CParliament chooses the President
  4. DA new vote necessarily includes all candidates

Explanation

Article 126 provides a runoff between the top two candidates who do not withdraw; blank votes do not count as valid for this majority.

Sources and citations

  1. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 126.º, n.os 1–3

    Official fact

How long is the President’s constitutional term?

  1. AFour years
  2. BSix years
  3. CFive yearsCorrect answer
  4. DSeven years

Explanation

Article 128 sets five years. Article 123 bars a third consecutive term and imposes the following time restriction.

Sources and citations

  1. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 128.º, n.os 1–2; 123.º, n.º 1

    Official fact

Who normally assumes presidential duties during a temporary impediment?

  1. APresident of ParliamentCorrect answer
  2. BPrime Minister
  3. CPresident of the Constitutional Court
  4. DPresident of the Supreme Court of Justice

Explanation

Article 132 assigns interim substitution to the President of Parliament or, if impeded, their substitute.

Sources and citations

  1. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 132.º, n.º 1

    Official fact

When politically vetoing a parliamentary decree, what does the President request?

  1. APrior review by the Constitutional Court
  2. BApproval of the decree by the Council of Ministers
  3. CFinancial review by the Court of Auditors
  4. DReconsideration through a reasoned messageCorrect answer

Explanation

Article 136 provides a reasoned message and reconsideration. Parliamentary confirmation follows specific constitutional majorities; it does not apply identically to every veto.

Sources and citations

  1. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 136.º, n.os 1–4

    Official fact

Whom do parliamentary deputies represent?

  1. AOnly the constituency where elected
  2. BThe whole countryCorrect answer
  3. COnly voters for their list
  4. DOnly members of their party

Explanation

Articles 147 and 152 distinguish constituency election from representation of all Portuguese citizens and the whole country.

Sources and citations

  1. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 147.º; 152.º, n.º 2

    Official fact

Which range of deputies does the Constitution allow?

  1. A150 to 180
  2. B180 to 230Correct answer
  3. C230 to 280
  4. D250 to 300

Explanation

Article 148 sets a minimum of 180 and maximum of 230 under electoral law; a constitutional range is not the same as actual composition.

Sources and citations

  1. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 148.º

    Official fact

Which system converts votes into parliamentary seats?

  1. AAbsolute majority with a runoff
  2. BPlurality in single-member constituencies
  3. CProportional representation using Sainte-Laguë
  4. DProportional representation using D’HondtCorrect answer

Explanation

Article 149 requires proportional representation and D’Hondt, unlike the presidential majority system.

Sources and citations

  1. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 149.º, n.os 1–2

    Official fact

Who submits candidate lists for Parliament?

  1. AParties, alone or in coalitionCorrect answer
  2. BIndependent groups of citizen electors
  3. CIndividual candidates proposed by electors
  4. DRepresentative professional associations

Explanation

Article 151 assigns submission to parties or coalitions; lists may include citizens who are not members of those parties.

Sources and citations

  1. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 151.º, n.º 1

    Official fact

Which national condition does Article 152 prohibit for converting votes into seats?

  1. AGeographical constituencies
  2. BUse of party lists
  3. CA minimum national vote percentageCorrect answer
  4. DProportional representation

Explanation

The Constitution prohibits requiring a minimum national vote percentage for seat conversion. It does not guarantee a seat for every list.

Sources and citations

  1. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 152.º, n.º 1

    Official fact

Who considers the Government programme and votes on confidence or censure motions?

  1. AConstitutional Court
  2. BCouncil of Ministers
  3. CMunicipal assemblies
  4. DParliamentCorrect answer

Explanation

Articles 162 and 163 assign Parliament scrutiny and instruments for examining Government and holding it accountable.

Sources and citations

  1. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 162.º, alíneas a), c), d); 163.º, alíneas d), e)

    Official fact

Which body directs general national policy and heads public administration?

  1. APresident of the Republic
  2. BConstitutional Court
  3. CGovernmentCorrect answer
  4. DMunicipal assembly

Explanation

Article 182 defines this Government function; under Article 190 it is accountable to the President and Parliament.

Sources and citations

  1. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 182.º; 190.º

    Official fact

How is the Prime Minister constitutionally selected?

  1. ADirectly elected in a separate national vote
  2. BAppointed by the President after consulting represented parties and considering election resultsCorrect answer
  3. CChosen by courts after elections
  4. DAutomatically the leader of the most-voted party

Explanation

Article 187 requires presidential appointment with party consultation and consideration of results; it establishes neither direct election nor automatic selection.

Sources and citations

  1. Constituição da República Portuguesa

    Assembleia da RepúblicaDocument version:

    Source verified:

    Artigo 187.º, n.os 1–2

    Official fact